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This allows multiple services to run simultaneously.",[407,408],"br",{},"\nWhen it receives data through a port, your router forwards that data to the machine that:",[411,412,413,417],"ul",{},[414,415,416],"li",{},"either initiated the request,",[414,418,419],{},"or is configured to receive data on a specific port.",[391,421,422],{},"Your router has over 65,000 ports available.",[391,424,425,426,430],{},"Some programs and applications are designed to use specific ports. For example, when your network sends data from an HTML page, the router receives it through port 80 (non-secure) or port ",[427,428,429],"code",{},"443"," (secure via SSL).",[391,432,433],{},"So, your router acts as a data dispatcher between the internet and your local machines.",[399,435,437],{"id":436},"port-forwarding","Port Forwarding",[391,439,440,441,444,445,448,449,451,452,454,455,458,459,462,463,466],{},"Forwarding a ",[427,442,443],{},"port"," means setting a rule that specifies which ",[427,446,447],{},"source"," can send data to which ",[427,450,443],{}," on your router, which will then forward it to a specific ",[427,453,443],{}," on a specific ",[427,456,457],{},"machine",". The ",[427,460,461],{},"sources"," and ",[427,464,465],{},"destination machine"," are identified by their IP addresses.",[468,469,470,486],"table",{},[471,472,473],"thead",{},[474,475,476,480,483],"tr",{},[477,478,479],"th",{},"Variable",[477,481,482],{},"Description",[477,484,485],{},"Example",[487,488,489,510,524,539],"tbody",{},[474,490,491,497,500],{},[492,493,494],"td",{},[427,495,496],{},"source machine",[492,498,499],{},"IP of the source machine (from the internet)",[492,501,502,505,507],{},[427,503,504],{},"All",[407,506],{},[427,508,509],{},"123.45.67.89",[474,511,512,517,520],{},[492,513,514],{},[427,515,516],{},"source port",[492,518,519],{},"Incoming port on the router",[492,521,522],{},[427,523,429],{},[474,525,526,531,534],{},[492,527,528],{},[427,529,530],{},"destination port",[492,532,533],{},"Port on the destination machine",[492,535,536],{},[427,537,538],{},"3000",[474,540,541,545,548],{},[492,542,543],{},[427,544,465],{},[492,546,547],{},"IP of the target machine (on your local network)",[492,549,550],{},[427,551,552],{},"192.168.1.50",[391,554,555,556,558,559,561,562,564,565,567,568,570,571,573],{},"According to the table:",[407,557],{},"\nIf we remove ",[427,560,504],{}," and keep the IP ",[427,563,509],{},", all traffic from this IP sent to port ",[427,566,429],{}," on your router will be forwarded to port ",[427,569,538],{}," on the local IP ",[427,572,552],{},".",[391,575,576,577,579,580,582,583,585,586,573],{},"If we remove the IP and keep ",[427,578,504],{},", then all traffic from the internet on port ",[427,581,429],{}," will be redirected to port ",[427,584,538],{}," on ",[427,587,552],{},[391,589,590,591,594,595,597,598,600,601,603,604,606,607,610,611,613,614,616],{},"This is useful when you have a server that must be accessible from the internet. For instance, a website uses port ",[427,592,593],{},"80"," (non-secure) or ",[427,596,429],{}," (SSL-secured).",[407,599],{},"\nTo make the website accessible, you'll configure your router to redirect the domain request to your local server.",[407,602],{},"\nAssume your service runs on port ",[427,605,538],{}," locally (",[427,608,609],{},"http:\u002F\u002F192.168.1.50:3000","), you would redirect all traffic from port ",[427,612,429],{}," on the router to port ",[427,615,538],{}," on the local server.",[618,619,621,625,626,462,629,632,633,635,636,639],"warning",{"to":620},"\u002Fserveex\u002Fcore\u002Fswag",[622,623,624],"strong",{},"Warning:"," If you have multiple services to expose like ",[427,627,628],{},"subdomain1.mydomain.com",[427,630,631],{},"subdomain2.mydomain.com",", your router cannot differentiate requests and forward to different ports.",[407,634],{},"\nYou must use a ",[622,637,638],{},"Reverse Proxy"," to route traffic based on the request.",[399,641,643],{"id":642},"dhcp","DHCP",[391,645,646,647,649,650,652],{},"Every time a device connects to your local network, your router assigns it an IP address using DHCP rules.",[407,648],{},"\nThis IP is randomly selected from a predefined pool.",[407,651],{},"\nAt every device reboot, the IP may change, which is problematic if you're forwarding ports, as the target IP may no longer be valid.",[391,654,655],{},"To avoid this, use your router's DHCP server to assign a static IP address.",[391,657,658,659,661,662,664],{},"Each device has a physical \"MAC address\".",[407,660],{},"\nTo assign a fixed IP, you must know your device's MAC address (visible in your router when it's connected), and assign it a static IP.",[407,663],{},"\nThis is called a \"static DHCP lease.\"",[391,666,667],{},"That way, your machine's IP never changes and your port forwarding rules remain effective.",[468,669,670,680],{},[471,671,672],{},[474,673,674,676,678],{},[477,675,479],{},[477,677,482],{},[477,679,485],{},[487,681,682,696],{},[474,683,684,689,692],{},[492,685,686],{},[427,687,688],{},"IP",[492,690,691],{},"Fixed local IP to assign",[492,693,694],{},[427,695,552],{},[474,697,698,703,706],{},[492,699,700],{},[427,701,702],{},"MAC Address",[492,704,705],{},"Physical address of the device",[492,707,708],{},[427,709,710],{},"5E:FF:56:A2:AF:15",[391,712,713],{},"For more information, refer to your router's documentation.",{"title":715,"searchDepth":716,"depth":716,"links":717},"",2,[718,719,720],{"id":401,"depth":716,"text":402},{"id":436,"depth":716,"text":437},{"id":642,"depth":716,"text":643},[722],"Djeex","Learn how NAT, port forwarding, and DHCP work on a home router. Configure fixed IP leases and understand how to expose local services.","md",null,{},true,{"title":33,"description":723},"Vy777lJoAhs97Mq_IimTrPQNFQ6zXCtQTdtZw_l4ogs",[731,733],{"title":17,"path":23,"stem":24,"description":732,"icon":25,"children":-1},"General homelab knowledge, networking, storage, and hardware fundamentals that apply beyond any single self-hosted app.",{"title":37,"path":38,"stem":39,"description":734,"children":-1},"Understand how DNS works, how to read and edit a DNS zone, and how to configure domain names for your self-hosted services.",1788645843947]